Verb Variations
Follow the links below to skip to the lessons.
Nominal Verb Forms (Formas Nominais)
Infinitive (Infinitivo Impessoal)Personal Infinitive (Infinitivo Pessoal)
Present Participle (Gerúndio)
Past Participle (Particípio)
Indicative Mood (Modo Indicativo)
Present Indicative (Presente do Indicativo)Preterit (Pretérito Perfeito Simples do Indicativo)
Present Perfect (Pretérito Perfeito Composto do Indicativo)
Imperfect Indicative (Pretérito Imperfeito do Indicativo)
Pluperfect Indicative (Pretérito Mais-que-Perfeito Simples do Indicativo)
Compound Pluperfect (Pretérito Mais-que-Perfeito Composto do Indicativo)
Simple Future (Futuro Simples do Indicativo)
Compound Future Perfect (Futuro Perfeito Composto do Indicativo)
Simple Future (alternate)
Conditional Mood (Modo Condicional)
Simple Conditional (Condicional Simples)Compound Conditional (Condicional Pretérito Composto)
Subjunctive Mood (Modo Conjuntivo / Subjunctivo)
Present Subjunctive (Presente do Subjuntivo)Imperfect Subjunctive (Pretérito Imperfeito do Subjuntivo)
Future Subjunctive (Futuro Simples do Subjuntivo)
Imperative Mood (Modo Imperativo)
Affirmative Imperative (Imperativo Afirmativo)Negative Imperative (Modo Imperativo Negativo)
Aspect and Voice
Passive Voice (compound)Progressive (compound)
Infinitive (Infinitivo Impessoal)
The most basic nominal form of the verb that expresses the idea of the action without referring to any particular subject. Verbs in the infinitive form end in -r.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| estudar | to study |
Personal Infinitive (Infinitivo Pessoal)
Used to avoid ambiguity whenever the infinitive has a subject that is different from the subject of the main verb.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Comprei o livro para meus filhos estudarem | I bought the book for my children to study |
Present Participle (Gerúndio)
Indicates present or continuing action, expressing the verb as an adverb. Similar to English -ing. Always ends in -ndo.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Ele anda estudando | He walks (while) studying |
Past Participle (Particípio)
Expresses past action. Used to form compound tenses. Can serve as a noun or adjective.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| um livro bem estudado | a well-studied book |
Present Indicative (Presente do Indicativo)
Basic conjugation that denotes an action taking place in the present time frame.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Você estuda muito | You study a lot |
Preterit (Pretérito Perfeito Simples do Indicativo)
Expresses a one-time action completed in a definite time that occured in the past.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Ontem estudei teologia | Yesterday I studied theology |
Present Perfect (Pretérito Perfeito Composto do Indicativo)
Denotes an action taking place prior to an event in the present. Uses the present indicative conjugation of the verb ter and the past participle.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Tenho estudado | I have studied |
Imperfect Indicative (Pretérito Imperfeito do Indicativo)
Denotes an action or state going on or continuing in the past. Used to express habitual action in the past.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Todos estudavam | Everyone was studying |
Pluperfect Indicative (Pretérito Mais-que-Perfeito Simples do Indicativo)
Expresses an action or condition prior to another past action or condition. Considered archaic or literary. Has limited use and is usually replaced with the past perfect or pluperfect indicative compound form (see below).
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Ele estudara quando cheguei | He had studied when I arrived |
Compound Pluperfect Indicative (Pretérito Mais-que-Perfeito Composto do Indicativo)
Expresses an action that has been done before another event in the past. Uses the imperfect indicative conjugations of ter and the past participle.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Tinha estudado | I had studied |
Simple Future Indicative (Futuro Simples do Indicativo)
Expresses future actions that will or should happen.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Estudarei amanhã | I will study tomorrow |
Compound Future Perfect (Futuro Perfeito Composto do Indicativo)
Expresses an action prior to an event in the future. Uses the future indicative conjugation of the verb ter and the past participle.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Terei estudado | I will have studied |
Simple Future (alternate)
Expresses an action that will be done in the near future or even started in the present. Uses the present indicative conjugations of the verb ir and the infinitive of the action. The English equivalent of going to do something.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Vou estudar | I am going to study |
Simple Conditional (Condicional Simples)
Expresses an uncertain action in the present or future that would take place under certain conditions.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Disse que estudaria amanhã | He said he would study tomorrow |
Compound Conditional (Condicional Pretérito Composto)
Expresses an action in the past that would have taken place under certain conditions. Uses the simple conditional conjugations of the verb ter and the past participle.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Teria estudado | I would have studied |
Preterit
Present Subjunctive (Presente do Subjuntivo)
The verb in the present attributed to an action that is desired, suggested, needed, expected, or gives a vague description of something or someone that may exist or happen. Usually used with que (that).
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Não é provável que ele estudare hoje | It is not probable that he study today |
Imperfect Subjunctive (Pretérito Imperfeito do Subjuntivo)
Expresses a past action that could or might have happened. Often used with que (that) or se (if) and the conditional tense.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| se estudasse | if I studied, had studied |
Future Subjunctive (Futuro Simples do Subjuntivo)
Denotes an expected future action that is not certain to take place. Identical in form to the personal infinitive. Usually used with quando (when) and se (if) when referring to uncertain future events.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Quando estudarmos, aprenderemos | If we might study, we'll learn |
Affirmative Imperative (Imperativo Afirmativo)
Commands that something be done. Usually formed by removing the -s from the 2nd person present indicative verbs.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Estuda! | Study! |
Negative Imperative (Modo Imperativo Negativo)
Commands that something NOT be done. Usually formed using the 2nd person present subjunctive endings.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Não estudes! | Don't study! |
Passive Voice (compound)
Used when the subject is the receiver of the action. Formed using conjugations of the verb ser in any tense and the past participle.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Foi estudado (por)... | It was studied (by)... |
Progressive (compound)
Expresses continuous action. Formed using conjugations of the verb estar and the present participle (Brazil), or a followed by the infinitive (Portugal).
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Estou estudando (BR) Estou a estudar (PT) |
I am studying |