MDONCH808
Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Infinitive (Infinitivo Impessoal)

Infinitive (Infinitivo Impessoal)

The most basic nominal form of the verb that expresses the idea of the action without referring to any particular subject. Verbs in the infinitive form end in -r.

Example Translation
estudar to study
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Personal Infinitive (Infinitivo Pessoal)

Personal Infinitive (Infinitivo Pessoal)

Used to avoid ambiguity whenever the infinitive has a subject that is different from the subject of the main verb.

Example Translation
Comprei o livro para meus filhos estudarem I bought the book for my children to study
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Present Participle (Gerúndio)

Present Participle (Gerúndio)

Indicates present or continuing action, expressing the verb as an adverb. Similar to English -ing. Always ends in -ndo.

Example Translation
Ele anda estudando He walks (while) studying
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Past Participle (Particípio)

Past Participle (Particípio)

Expresses past action. Used to form compound tenses. Can serve as a noun or adjective.

Example Translation
um livro bem estudado a well-studied book
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Present Indicative (Presente do Indicativo)

Present Indicative (Presente do Indicativo)

Basic conjugation that denotes an action taking place in the present time frame.

Example Translation
Você estuda muito You study a lot
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Preterit (Pretérito Perfeito Simples do Indicativo)

Preterit (Pretérito Perfeito Simples do Indicativo)

Expresses a one-time action completed in a definite time that occured in the past.

Example Translation
Ontem estudei teologia Yesterday I studied theology
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Present Perfect (Pretérito Perfeito Composto do Indicativo)

Present Perfect (Pretérito Perfeito Composto do Indicativo)

Denotes an action taking place prior to an event in the present. Uses the present indicative conjugation of the verb ter and the past participle.

Example Translation
Tenho estudado I have studied
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Imperfect Indicative (Pretérito Imperfeito do Indicativo)

Imperfect Indicative (Pretérito Imperfeito do Indicativo)

Denotes an action or state going on or continuing in the past. Used to express habitual action in the past.

Example Translation
Todos estudavam Everyone was studying
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Pluperfect Indicative (Pretérito Mais-que-Perfeito Simples do Indicativo)

Pluperfect Indicative (Pretérito Mais-que-Perfeito Simples do Indicativo)

Expresses an action or condition prior to another past action or condition. Considered archaic or literary. Has limited use and is usually replaced with the past perfect or pluperfect indicative compound form (see below).

Example Translation
Ele estudara quando cheguei He had studied when I arrived
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Compound Pluperfect Indicative (Pretérito Mais-que-Perfeito Composto do Indicativo)

Compound Pluperfect Indicative (Pretérito Mais-que-Perfeito Composto do Indicativo)

Expresses an action that has been done before another event in the past. Uses the imperfect indicative conjugations of ter and the past participle.

Example Translation
Tinha estudado I had studied
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Simple Future Indicative (Futuro Simples do Indicativo)

Simple Future Indicative (Futuro Simples do Indicativo)

Expresses future actions that will or should happen.

Example Translation
Estudarei amanhã I will study tomorrow
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Compound Future Perfect (Futuro Perfeito Composto do Indicativo)

Compound Future Perfect (Futuro Perfeito Composto do Indicativo)

Expresses an action prior to an event in the future. Uses the future indicative conjugation of the verb ter and the past participle.

Example Translation
Terei estudado I will have studied
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Simple Future (alternate)

Simple Future (alternate)

Expresses an action that will be done in the near future or even started in the present. Uses the present indicative conjugations of the verb ir and the infinitive of the action. The English equivalent of going to do something.

Example Translation
Vou estudar I am going to study
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Simple Conditional (Condicional Simples)

Simple Conditional (Condicional Simples)

Expresses an uncertain action in the present or future that would take place under certain conditions.

Example Translation
Disse que estudaria amanhã He said he would study tomorrow
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Compound Conditional (Condicional Pretérito Composto)

Compound Conditional (Condicional Pretérito Composto)

Expresses an action in the past that would have taken place under certain conditions. Uses the simple conditional conjugations of the verb ter and the past participle.

Example Translation
Teria estudado I would have studied
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Preterit

Preterit

Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Present Subjunctive (Presente do Subjuntivo)

Present Subjunctive (Presente do Subjuntivo)

The verb in the present attributed to an action that is desired, suggested, needed, expected, or gives a vague description of something or someone that may exist or happen. Usually used with que (that).

Example Translation
Não é provável que ele estudare hoje It is not probable that he study today
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Imperfect Subjunctive (Pretérito Imperfeito do Subjuntivo)

Imperfect Subjunctive (Pretérito Imperfeito do Subjuntivo)

Expresses a past action that could or might have happened. Often used with que (that) or se (if) and the conditional tense.

Example Translation
se estudasse if I studied, had studied
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Future Subjunctive (Futuro Simples do Subjuntivo)

Future Subjunctive (Futuro Simples do Subjuntivo)

Denotes an expected future action that is not certain to take place. Identical in form to the personal infinitive. Usually used with quando (when) and se (if) when referring to uncertain future events.

Example Translation
Quando estudarmos, aprenderemos If we might study, we'll learn
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Affirmative Imperative (Imperativo Afirmativo)

Affirmative Imperative (Imperativo Afirmativo)

Commands that something be done. Usually formed by removing the -s from the 2nd person present indicative verbs.

Example Translation
Estuda! Study!
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Negative Imperative (Modo Imperativo Negativo)

Negative Imperative (Modo Imperativo Negativo)

Commands that something NOT be done. Usually formed using the 2nd person present subjunctive endings.

Example Translation
Não estudes! Don't study!
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Passive Voice (compound)

Passive Voice (compound)

Used when the subject is the receiver of the action. Formed using conjugations of the verb ser in any tense and the past participle.

Example Translation
Foi estudado (por)... It was studied (by)...
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Portuguese Grammar > Verb Variations > Progressive (compound)

Progressive (compound)

Expresses continuous action. Formed using conjugations of the verb estar and the present participle (Brazil), or a followed by the infinitive (Portugal).

Example Translation
Estou estudando (BR)
Estou a estudar (PT)
I am studying
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